Assessment of Environmental Water Security of an Asian Deltaic Megacity and Its Peri-Urban Wetland Areas

Achieving urban water security requires sustaining the trade-offs between exploitation of water/environmental resources and ecosystem services. This achievement not only reduces pollution contamination in environment, level stress, but also secures good ambient quality future for people’s well-being livelihoods. Changes land use cover growth impervious structures can immediately generate severe ecological social issues increase natural or manmade risks, affecting condition services within vicinity an region. As a result these transformations further exploitation, due to growing anthropogenic pressure, surface groundwater be deteriorated compared standards (for both chemical biological pollutants). Based on (LULC) data retrieved from remote sensing interpretation, we computed changes service values (ESV) associated with LULC dynamics, and, finally, during pre- post-monsoon periods 2009, 2014 2019 Kolkata, Asian deltaic megacity, its peri-urban wetlands named East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW). The area under reduced comprehensively 2009–2019 conversion into various other classes such as settlement, etc. bodies (such rivers, lakes, canals inland wetlands) deteriorated. is still control, presence arsenic, manganese metals are clear indication expansion related activities area. result, there was change ESV this timeframe. In pre-monsoon period, total US$53.14 million 2009 US$53.36 US$59.01 2019, respectively. decreased US$67.42 US$64.13 US$61.89 These attributed benefits arising out them that contribute more than 50% ESV. study found has past 10 years uses City, still, wetland supports by providing sufficient conclusion, transformation extent water-related crucial indicator security, which measures quantity contained ecosystems. Quantitative analysis change, hence, important studying corresponding impact value helps decision-making securing conservation.